The Damage Of Theft To A Company Business Essay

The Damage Of Theft To A Company Business Essay Representative burglary is constantly been exorbitant to any business. This is still progressively suitable if there should be an occurrence of huge retail chain associations. The improved security game plans in the ongoing occasions have made this subject more significant than any time in recent memory. This exploration is led to examine the potential purposes behind worker robbery in stores in Malaysia. It recognizes the connection between different variables with the worker robbery conduct. It expected to build up a model to enable enormous retail to fasten associations to structure successful inside control frameworks to forestall/diminish worker robbery. This part covers the accompanying segments: 1. Foundation to the exploration 2. Malaysian retail industry and retail shrinkage 3. Research issue, issues and targets 4. Defense for explore 5. Whats new in this exploration? 6. Association of this postulation 7. Meaning of terms and 8. Synopsis 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH Retailing wrongdoing keeps on being a test for organizations in the USA and somewhere else (National Retail Security Survey, 2003). Retailing wrongdoing is money related misfortune owing to a blend of different variables like client robbery, representative burglary, inner blunder (regulatory or process mistake) and provider merchant fakes. The ongoing overall shrinkage review uncovered 42.4% of the retail shrinkage was because of client robbery, 35.3% because of representative burglary, 16.9% because of inside blunder and 5.4% because of providers sellers cheats. Absolute worldwide shrinkage in the 42 nations overviewed costs retailers U.S. $107.3 billion ($107,284 million), equal to 1.36% of retail deals: a genuine danger to retailers primary concerns especially when numerous retailers are starting to feel the touch of a monetary downturn. A key point to be noted is that the expense of therapist is at last borne by retailers, yet in addition by customers and society on the loose. He re Shrinkage or therapist alludes to a bookkeeping figure, mirroring the distinction between the money related income the business ought to have gotten (in light of stock and buys) and the sum really got. (The Global Retail Theft Barometer, 2010). The Barometer further affirms that retail recoil is a worldwide issue: it is a typical issue over all nations, areas and market parts. The Barometer further calls attention to that In 2010, hoodlums took an exceptionally wide scope of product, yet would in general spotlight on costly mainstream marked things including: extremely sharp edges/shaving items; beautifiers/face creams and fragrances; advanced cells and electrical devices; liquor; new meat/costly staple; oscillating brushes, electronic checking gadgets; newborn child recipe and espresso; DVDs and electronic games; style (particularly marked things, cowhide, satchels and frill); sports-marked merchandise and sports shoes; electronic products; marked shades and watches. The study t ells that over 6.2 million client and representative hoodlums were caught a year ago. Representative robbery is second significant segment of retail shrinkage because of the colossal retail space in markets and huge size retail associations. Worker robbery can be characterized as the burglary of anything of significant worth from the retailer by a representative or accessory. The term anything of significant worth incorporates money, stock, property, administrations and data. Representative burglary happens generally at the checkout zone followed by the business region and the client work area/graciousness territory (Hollinger and Clark, 1983). The burglary techniques incorporate taking product, taking money, holding receipts to show taken things were paid for, voiding a deal or making a no-deal after a client has paid and taking the money, cheating, scamming, coupon stuffing, credits for nonexistent returns and sliding item through the path without charging. Different models incorporate stockroom work force taking loaded things, and cleaning and upkeep staff expelling resources with the garbage. Worker robbery likewise happens at the purpose of-receipt of product and incorporates misfortunes because of installment for merchandise not got. Representative burglary is any utilization or abuse or taking of bosses resources by the workers without consent to do as such (Justice J. Walsh, 2000). Cash is the most widely recognized resource that is taken from businesses. Robbery of time happens when a worker is paid for the time which he/she didn't work. Typically this occurs by distorting of time records. Actually, burglary of time additionally incorporates representatives who are not working while at work, albeit lawfully this is extremely hard to demonstrate. Robbery of provisions is another typical type of representative burglary. Instances of this type of burglary are office supplies (PCs, papers, cupboards, and so on.) and café supplies (food, flatware, toppings, and so on.). Another case of robbery of organization property is item shows. Cheating the clients and along these lines taking the additional money can thoroughly influence a business validity, since it influences the business as well as the clients. On the off chance that the clients discover that a business is cheating, it can hurt that business development. This is exceptionally natural in cafés on the grounds that numerous eateries don't watch out for their workers activities. Taking data is maybe the most harming type of burglary. Recognizable instances of this nature are robbery of competitive advantages and item structures. Various investigations have been directed in United States, Canada and in European nations about the worker robbery in retail associations and grocery stores. The US Chamber of Commerce assesses that US bosses lose $20 billion to $40 billion every year because of representative burglary. It likewise expresses that 30% of all business disappointments are brought about by representative robbery (David J Shaffer and Ronald A Schmidt 2006). For each dollar taken, grocery stores need to sell at any rate $50 a greater amount of products to make up the misfortune (George H Condon, 2003). Upbeat workers take less in United States (Jennifer Korolishin 2003). Psychologist misfortunes because of representative robbery can approach the benefits in Canada (George H Condon 2003). 1.2 MALAYSIAN RETAIL INDUSTRY AND RETAIL SHRINKAGE Malaysias retail exchange contacted at RM122.54 billion for the year 2009, up 106.37 percent from 2005. Development has arrived at the midpoint of 26.59 percent yearly from 2005 to 2009. Retail deals contacted RM59.38 billion during 2005, expanded to RM71.69 billion during 2006, gone up to RM95.67 billion out of 2007, improved to RM116.10 billion during 2008 and ascended to RM122.54 billion of every 2009. In the main quarter of 2010, it contacted the ever observed most noteworthy measure of 32.33 billion (Department of Statistics, Malaysia). From 2006 to 2008, expanded urbanization and training saw Malaysians become considerably increasingly modern and requesting with their shopping encounters. This achieved the improvement of value, world-class shopping centers the nation over in this period, for example, 1Borneo; these shopping centers house a solid exhibit of worldwide brands which are interestingly fit to the perceiving needs of purchasers. Hence, new way of life retail ideas hav e gotten increasingly well known in Malaysia, with retailers offering one of a kind product to oblige the necessities of explicit customers. For example, Robinsons Malaysia has 50 to 60 elite brands for customers, while Tangs in the Pavilion Kuala Lumpur cases to be the Generation Three Tangs store, a store that includes Tangs signature shopping ideas close by being limited to address the issues of Malaysian buyers. Store-based Retailing Achieves a Better Performance Definitely, store-based retailing kept up its predominance from 2006 to 2008, with somewhat more grounded development than non-store retailing. The advancement of shopping centers the nation over from 2006 to 2008, particularly in optional towns, for example, the opening of The Spring in Sarawak and East Coast Mall in Kuantan, further helped the exhibition of store-based retailing. Direct offering kept on overwhelming non-store retailing, with web retailing displaying the most grounded current worth development, but from a little base. Curiously, non-store retailer Dell additionally opened its first physical counter at Tec Asia in mid 2008, speaking to an expanded hybrid by non-store retailers with an end goal to extend their development. Worker retail burglary in select retail organizations in Malaysia during 2009-2010 The Global Retail Theft Barometer was discharged in October, 2010 for the period between July, 2009 and June, 2010. In Malaysia, 19 retailers with a joined offer of US$1.974 billion took an interest in the overview. The discoveries of the review uncover that as a level of absolute deals, retail shrinkage in Malaysia was 1.53 percent. In this, the client burglary adds up to 51.6% (US$132.10 million) This was trailed by representative robbery at 22.3 % (US$57.09 million) and provider or seller robbery at 5.9% (US$15.19 million). The staying 20.2% of budgetary misfortune adding up to US$51.71 million was because of regulatory blunders. According to the discoveries of The Global Retail Theft Barometer, the techniques for representative retail robbery in select Malaysian retail organizations are as per the following: Table 1.1 Main techniques for worker retail burglary in select retail organizations in Malaysia: Money, coupons and vouchers 18.6% Product 38.3% Discount extortion, bogus markdown 27.3% Enormous money related cheats 6.9% Conspiracy 8.9% All out 100 Source: The Global Retail Theft Barometer, 2008 RESEARCH PROBLEM, ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES It is a troublesome activity to accurately surmised the measure of income lost through representatives burglary by method of money, merchandise, and administrations since quite a bit of these exercises stay undetected, unnoticed or unpublicized. It has been assessed that as much as 75% of misfortunes owing to worker robbery is undetected in light of the trouble in isolating stock shrinkage into its major inside (burglary) and outside (shoplifting) segment parts (Green, 1997). Like the Global Retail Theft Barometer, numerous different investigations have likewise made an endeavor to recognize the base rate for worker t

The CPI and WWI

The CPI and WWI 1TranQuan TranHistory 2302The CPI and WWIWhen thinking back on the United States' history, one element stands apart the most: the U.S. was engaged with a great deal of wars. All through the twentieth century, the United States ended up in a few significant wars. World War I was the first of those significant wars. During World War I, numerous warriors were abroad battling the Central Powers, while a significant part of the American open sat weakly on the home front. Woodrow Wilson saw the potential help that the individuals at home could give, so he thought of an approach to mobilize those unused possibilities. So as to pick up help from the individuals at home, President Woodrow Wilson built up the Committee on Public Information and named George Creel as the director of the advisory group. All through the war, the Committee on Public Information made and conveyed numerous banners about the war that were effective in picking up the help of the public.This bolster assumed a significa nt job in the Allies' triumph of World War I.The Committee on Public Information, or CPI, was built up during mid-April 1917 and was going by George Creel (134). George Creel was filling in as a writer when he was delegated by Woodrow Wilson as the leader of the Committee on Public Information. As indicated by Creel, the Committee on Public Information was made to battle for the decision of humankind (135). He accepted the job of the board of trustees was to educate people in general regarding the purpose behind the United States' activities abroad. Creel felt that the war was not battled in France alone, yet in addition must be battled at home in the United States (135). The most convincing approach to get individuals at home engaged with the war was by utilizing purposeful publicity, such...

75 Podcast Episodes About Minimalism

75 Podcast Episodes About Minimalism If you listen to The Minimalists Podcast, but youre not a supporter, then youve missed out on 75 private podcast episodes so far. Dont fret! You can still listen to every episode youve missed. The Minimalists Private Podcast is available exclusively to our $2 Patreon supporters. Every week, we record a short Postscript episode, and because its private, were able to be our most candid with our small audience of supporters. Once you become a supporter, you’ll receive a personal link to our private podcast feed so that it plays in your normal podcast player (see the screenshot below). In addition to our weekly Postscript episodes, The Minimalists Private Podcast feed includes our monthly Ask The Minimalists Anything episodes, unreleased recordings of our live events, and the entire back catalog of past private episodes. Here are three of our favorite private-podcast episodes: Live event: 071 | Dallas Postscript: 064 | Anxiety Postscript QA: 059 | Ask The Minimalists Anything #11 As a Patreon supporter, you also receive access to our monthly livestream videos, as well as first access to tickets to all of our live events before those tickets are available to the general public. Your support keeps our podcast 100% advertisement-free. Thank you! Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Early and Mid 19th Century Thought Essay - 654 Words

Early and Mid 19th Century Thought Throughout history, there have been many isms that had come and gone. Many things have come out of these so-called isms. Romanticism began in the closing decades of the eighteenth century. It practically dominated European cultural life in most of the first half of the nineteenth century. Poets such as Shelley, Wordsworth, Keats, and Byron were all exponents of romanticism. This was expressed in many different ways such as Writing, art and music. Victor Hugo, A.W., Friedrich Schlegel, Schiller and Schelling all expressed their thoughts of romanticism through writing. Caspar David Friedrich and John Constable expressed their thoughts on romanticism on canvas through art. Later on,†¦show more content†¦Liberals attacked the state and other authorities that prevented the individual from exercising the right of free choice, interfered with the right of free expression. To the traditional rulers of Europe#8212;kings, aristocrats, and clergy#8212;the French Revolution was a great evil, which had inflicted a near-fatal wound on civilization. Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Revolution in France was instrumental in shaping conservative thought. Burke, an Anglo-Irish statesman and political theorist, wanted to warn his countrymen of the dangers inherent in the ideology of the revolutionaries. Conservatism pointed to a limitation of the enlightenment. It showed that human beings and social relationships are far more complex than the philosphes had imagined. They often find familiar customs and ancestral religions more satisfying guides to life than the blueprints of philosophers. Conservative theorists warned that revolutionary violence in the pursuit of utopian dreams transforms politics into an ideological crusade that ends in terror and despotism. 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Worshipping One God Comparsion of Christianity and Judism

Christianity and Judaism are two of the most famous of the global religions. They are famous rather than large because although roughly thirty-two percent of the world is christian, there are a mere 5.7 millions Jews. With the population of the world around 7 billion people, that would make roughly 2.2 billion Christians. The strange thing about these two religions is the fact that they have a common root that went in very different directions. The most overarching similarity between Christianity and Judaism is that they focus on almost the same god. Their god is unique, transcendental, not subject to the rules of nature, all good, all powerful, all knowing and the one true god. The major difference between the Christian version of this god and the Jewish version of this god is that the Christian version is considered to be three â€Å"persons,† otherwise known as the trinity. The trinity consists of God the Father, the Son, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit, sometimes referred to as the Holy Ghost. Judaism does not believe in this trinity and instead sees God as one being. A second important similarity is Christianity uses the Jewish holy texts, called the Five Books of Moses or the Torah. They took these books and made them into what they call the Old Testament of their holy book, The Bible. This also means that the creation story is shared between both religions. They both believe that, according to the text, everything was created out of nothing in six days by God and on

Integrating Traditional Medicine with Western Medicine Free Essays

Name: Anthony OLUSOLA Course Title:Medical Anthropology Topic:Traditional and Bio-Medical Practice: Integrating traditional and modern systems in the Nigerian health care delivery. Research Question: To what extent, if any, has traditional medicine in comparison to Bio-Medical practice, been incorporated to the health care delivery systems in Nigeria and how much promotion is given to the significance and efficacy of the practice of traditional medicine in curing same illness? Abstract: The practice of traditional medicine among the people of Nigeria in the Western region of Africa transcends the advent of Bio-Medicine and occupies a prominent position in the delivery of health care. Majority of the rural dwellers as well as substantial proportion of the urban dwellers rely on traditional medicine for solutions to illness and healing. We will write a custom essay sample on Integrating Traditional Medicine with Western Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now A significant number of Nigerians living abroad rely strongly on the efficacy of traditional herbs for medical treatment, regardless of their level of education and cost of transporting such herbal medicine to their country of residence. However, several successive governments in Nigeria have continued to neglect the indigenous health care methods in their health policy. This paper examines the relevance of traditional medicine and its contributions to health care delivery systems in Nigeria, and the rate at which people opt for alternative medical interventions as brought about by the inaccessibility of modern medicine as well as the financial implications. Against these backdrops, this paper proposes considerable recognition for traditional medical practice and its possible integration into the nation’s health care delivery system. Medical system in Nigeria: An examination Whereas health is the most precious of all things and it is the foundation of all happiness, traditional medicine, in response to the health needs of the people, developed as an integral part of the various communities in Nigeria and its practice dates back in time, long before the advent of modern technology and inventions. It in fact, plays a huge role in providing a sense of identity and spirituality to the people of Nigeria. Historically, traditional medicine reflects the social-religious structures of the indigenous societies from which it emerges, along with the values, beliefs, behaviours and practices developed over the years. The administration of traditional medicine is conducted by a traditional healer or elder, often regarded as native doctors, who took care of their patients using extracts of plants, animals and mineral substances as well as other methods based on the social, cultural and religious beliefs of the community. Such person is also considered to be well grounded in the prevailing knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in the community about physical, mental and social well-being and the cause of diseases and disabilities (WHO, 1976). The medical services provided by this individual is widely acceptable among the people both in the rural and the urban areas. According to World Health Organization, traditional medicine is the totality of knowledge and practices, whether explicable or not, used in diagnosing, preventing or eliminating a physical, mental or social dis-equilibrium and which rely exclusively on past experiences and observations handed down from generation to generation, whether verbally or in writing (WHO,1976). With this definition, it can be argued that the practice of traditional knowledge is rooted in the in-depth wisdom and versatility of the administrator not only on the causality of diseases, but also the need for a healthy community without necessarily draining the people of their finances thus making health care accessible and affordable. However, despite the importance of traditional medicine, it has incredibly suffered neglect and non-recognition by the nation’s health developing and planning agencies. More attention is continually drawn to the modern medical system with little or no concern for the accessibility of this system as well and its affordability. The sustainability of an average family in Nigeria is valued at less than 5 dollars a day. Notwithstanding the government’s preposition on the establishment of a health care system that is promotive, protective, preventive, restorative and rehabilitative to every citizen of the country within the available resources so that individuals and communities are assured of productivity, social well-being nd enjoyment of living (F. M. H. 1988), the system, as is currently practiced is very inadequate in comparison to the Nigerian growing population and slow-paced economic development. According to the health manpower statistics, the ratio of the registered medical doctors as against the population’s need is put at 1:1,100 with modern medical facilities being administered in mega cities and little or none made available at the rural areas. As a result of lack of supervision or adequate provision for the essential needs of medical practitioners, doctors often times are faced with the conscientious decision to commute to the rural areas to administer Medicare on out-of-pocket expenses, which after a while becomes impossible to carry on. Thus the people in the rural area are left in the care of the traditional healer, who eventually cure their diseases with less charges than the bio-medical practice thereby saving the patients some money. The news of the efficacy of the traditional medical administration soon spreads to the urban cities and an inflow of travelers is experienced for consultation and medical attention. In certain medical cases, modern medical practitioners would refer a particular patient with illness considered incurable using modern medications to traditional healers thus further reaffirming the extent to which traditional medicine constitute important source of medical care for many people regardless of their wealth or level of education. Unfortunately, the effect of globalization and capitalist theory has eaten deep into the Nigerian government such that the individual gains or profits of the policy makers and that of those at the corridor of power is rated high and considered most important than the health and healing of the citizens. Much ado is made on the need for the nation to catch up with modern world in science and technology but the nation’s economy, as it is presently, cannot readily meet the high cost of modern health care and the advanced technology. How to cite Integrating Traditional Medicine with Western Medicine, Papers

Tybalt is an agent of the tragedy Essay Example

Tybalt is an agent of the tragedy Essay Tybalt is an agent of the tragedy. The tragedy was always going to happen because the two lovers were star-crossed and were always going to end in a tragic manner. We know this because of the prologue and we know it because that is what happens in tragedies.Tybalt is Juliets favourite cousin and he is also a prominent member of the Capulet gang which regularly fights the Montague gang. It is inevitable that Romeo should fight Tybalt after Tybalt kills Mercutio, one of Romeos best friendswho was killed protecting Romeos good name. Romeo unwittingly caused his best friends death, so he felt that he had to kill Tybalt in an act of revenge.Tybalt, however, was one of Juliets favourite cousins and when she finds out who killed him, she nearly changes her mind about Romeo. However, as soon as the Nurse begins to criticise Romeo, she changes her mind and the tragedy really begins where the two lovers kill themselves.The chorus tells us at the beginning of the play that Romeo and Juliet are a Pair of star crossed lovers. The implication of this is that they are fated to die because it is written in the stars.Both Romeo and Juliet have a sense of foreboding about the future and refer to the stars. In Act 1 scene 4 before going to the Capulets ball Romeo says:My mind misgives some consequence, yet hanging in the starsforfeit of untimely death.Later when he is told of Juliets apparent death he says:Then I defy you, stars!In Act 5 scene 3, just before taking the poison he says:Will I shake the yoke of inauspicious stars from this world wearied flesh.One of the ingredients in a tragedy is that there is usually a tragic flaw or weakness in the central character, which leads to their downfall. However, in the case of Romeo and Juliet the central reason for their deaths lies outside their characters. It is the family feud rather than any weakness in the lovers personalities that leads to the tragic end.There are several references in the play that suggest that the deaths are the result of divine workings. In Act 5 scene 3 the Friar says to Juliet:A greater power than we can contradict hath thwarted our intents.He is suggesting that the events are beyond human control. Later, when telling the Prince about what happened, he repeats this idea by saying:I entreated her come forth and bear this work of heaven with patience.The Prince also supports this notion when speaking to Romeo and Juliets parents:Heaven finds means to kill your joys with love.The Prince seems to be implying that the families have been punished because of their feuding.It would of course be possible to argue that the events of the play also turn on chance and wrong turnings. However, I hope that the above points will add to the arguments that you have already constructed for your assignment.How could it not be an important bit in the play?! The two lovers have been together for their wedding night, wake up, and find out that daylight is going to part them probably (they think) for some time, as Romeo has been banished to Mantua for killing Tybalt. Juliets family is waking up and will discover Romeo soon. No wonder Juliet says:O now be gone! More light and light it grows.And no wonder Romeo replies:More light and light: more dark and dark our woes.Its a key scene, emotionally the best thing that can happen to two young lovers now turns out to be the beginning of what is possibly the worst thing that could happen to any two human beings, i.e. undeserved death .But its also the poetry which makes it so sad and powerful; when Juliet says:Some say the lark makes sweet division.This doth not so, for she divideth us.It is as if she is almost pouting childishly to make their parting less important or final, and the sort of joking pun on divideth/division seems almost designed to comfort herself. But the lark is also an innocent, beautiful, natural creature and a reminder that she is too, and Romeo also, and that their forthcoming deaths (which we know already, from the P rologue) are to be all the more unnatural.The rest of the story you doubtless know: Juliets plan to take a sleeping pill for forty-eight hours and then escape to Mantua backfires. Romeo gets a message to say shes dead, kills himself just a few terrible seconds before Juliet wakes up, as happy as during her night of passion with Romeo, to find her lovers dead body next to her, in the cold tomb to which she had been taken.A fine play, and portrait of young love struck down enjoy it!This answer is posted on behalf of Fee.Star-crossed is a phrase that comes from the prologue to Romeo and Juliet. It literally means not favoured by the stars, or unfortunate. This is the first sign we have that the actions of the characters may be controlled by fate or the stars. Many references to fate are spoken by Romeo. Romeo comments that he fears the role of fate if he goes to the banquet at the Capulets: my mind misgives some consequence yet hanging in the stars. In act five scene 3, Romeo says tha t in death he will shake the yoke of inauspicious stars.Of course, the role of fate is only one explanation for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. It is important to remember other key reasons such as the feuding families, the nature of young love and so on.When we first see Romeo he is a typical thoughtless young man, in love with love, ready to take silly risks in order to see the girl he fancies he is in love with. He uses the language of conventional courtly love to talk about her, look at Act 1 Scene 4:I am too sore enpierced with his shaftBut once he sees Juliet, in Act 1 Scene 5, he is shocked into using quite different language:Oh she doth teach the torches to burn bright.Have a look at these two scenes in detail and see how he is changing from a conventional young man with conventional emotions into a passionate lover.Look at the way the relationship between Romeo and Juliet matures him. In Act 3 Scene 1 he actually tries to get out of a fight between the Montagues and Capule ts:Villain I am none therefore farewell.He is in a wonderful mood because of his relationship with Juliet and he is also no longer the sort of lad who likes a fight for the sake of it. It is a great shame that this doesnt work with Tybalt!Despite his killing of Tybalt he still tries to maintain his relationship with Juliet, look at the mature way in which they carefully plan their future. I think it is not so much Juliet who changes him, but the relationship that he has with Juliet that changes him. Go back and have a look through the play and see what you think.

Analysis of Margaret Atwoods Happy Endings

Analysis of Margaret Atwoods Happy Endings Happy Endings by Canadian author Margaret  Atwood is an example of metafiction. That is, its a story that comments on the conventions of storytelling and draws attention to itself as a story. At approximately 1,300 words, its also an example of flash fiction. Happy Endings was first published in 1983. The story is actually six stories in one. Atwood begins by introducing the two main characters, John and Mary, and then offers six different versions- labeled A through F- of who they are and what might happen to them. Version A Version A is the one Atwood refers to as the happy ending. In this version, everything goes well, the characters have wonderful lives, and nothing unexpected happens. Atwood manages to make version A boring to the point of comedy. For example, she uses the phrase stimulating and challenging three times- once to describe John and Marys jobs, once to describe their sex life, and once to describe the hobbies they take up in retirement. The phrase stimulating and challenging, of course, neither stimulates nor challenges readers, who remain uninvested. John and Mary are entirely undeveloped as characters. Theyre like stick figures that move methodically through the milestones of an ordinary, happy life, but we know nothing about them. Indeed, they may be happy, but their happiness seems to have nothing to do with the reader, who is alienated by lukewarm, uninformative observations, like that John and Mary go on fun vacations and have children who turn out well. Version B Version B is considerably messier than A. Though Mary loves John, John merely uses her body for selfish pleasure and ego gratification of a tepid kind. The character development in B- while a bit painful to witness- is much deeper than in A. After John eats the dinner Mary cooked, has sex with her and falls asleep, she stays awake to wash the dishes and put on fresh lipstick so that hell think well of her. There is nothing inherently interesting about washing dishes- its Marys reason for washing them, at that particular time and under those circumstances, that is interesting. In B, unlike in A, we are also told what one of the characters (Mary) is thinking, so we learn what motivates her and what she wants. Atwood writes: Inside John, she thinks, is another John, who is much nicer. This other John will emerge like a butterfly from a cocoon, a Jack from a box, a pit from a prune, if the first John is only squeezed enough. You can also see from this passage that the language in version B is more interesting than in A. Atwoods use of the string of cliches emphasizes the depth of both Marys hope and her delusion. In B, Atwood also starts using second person to draw the readers attention toward certain details. For instance, she mentions that youll notice that he doesnt even consider her worth the price of a dinner out. And when Mary stages a suicide attempt with sleeping pills and sherry to get Johns attention, Atwood writes: You can see what kind of a woman she is by the fact that its not even whiskey. The use of second person is particularly interesting because it draws the reader into the act of interpreting a story. That is, second person is used to point out how the details of a story add up to help us understand the characters. Version C In C, John is an older man who falls in love with Mary, 22. She doesnt love him, but she sleeps with him because she feels sorry for him because hes worried about his hair falling out. Mary really loves James, also 22, who has a motorcycle and a fabulous record collection. It soon becomes clear that John is having an affair with Mary precisely to escape the stimulating and challenging life of Version A, which he is living with a wife named Madge. In short, Mary is his mid-life crisis. It turns out that the bare bones outline of the happy ending of version A has left a lot unsaid.  Theres no end to the complications that can be intertwined with the milestones of getting married, buying a house, having children, and everything else in A. In fact, after John, Mary, and James are all dead, Madge marries Fred and continues as in A. Version D In this version, Fred and Madge get along well and have a lovely life. But their house is destroyed by a tidal wave and thousands are killed. Fred and Madge survive and live as the characters in A. Version E Version E is fraught with complications- if not a tidal wave, then a bad heart. Fred dies, and Madge dedicates herself to charity work. As Atwood writes: If you like, it can be Madge, cancer, guilty and confused, and bird watching. It doesnt matter whether its Freds bad heart or Madges cancer, or whether the spouses are kind and understanding or guilty and confused. Something always interrupts the smooth trajectory of A. Version F Every version of the story loops back, at some point, to version A- the happy ending. As Atwood explains, no matter what the details are, [y]oull still end up with A. Here, her  use of second person reaches its  peak. Shes led the reader through a series of attempts to try to imagine a variety of stories, and shes made it seem within reach- as if a reader really could choose B or C and get something different from A. But in F, she finally explains directly that even if we went through the whole alphabet and beyond, wed still end up with A. On a metaphorical level, version A doesnt necessarily have to entail marriage, kids, and real estate. It really could stand in for any trajectory that a character might be trying to follow. But they all end the same way: John and Mary die. Real stories lie in what Atwood calls the How and Why- the motivations, the thoughts, the desires, and the way the characters respond to the inevitable interruptions to A.

SMS Quotes to Text to a Loved One

SMS Quotes to Text to a Loved One In todays hi-tech world, love has also gone hi-tech. While people still believe in expressing their love, they want to communicate their feelings instantly. The use of the internet and mobile technology has enabled instant communication. So if you are one of those tech-savvy individuals who want their feelings to be known right away, using the following SMS love quotes will serve your purpose. Short Love Quotes You Can Text W. E. HenleyOpen your heart and take us in,Love - love and me.Sarah BernhardtYour words are my food, your breath my wine. You are everything to me.David ReedLove me and the world is mine.Herman HesseIf I know what love is, it is because of you.AnonymousWithin you, I lose myself, without you, I find myself, searching to be lost again.James J. WalkerWill you love me in December as you do in May,Will you love me in the good old-fashioned way?When my hair has all turned gray,Will you kiss me then and say,That you love me in December as you do in May?Erica JongLove is everything its cracked up to be. Thats why people are so cynical about it... It really is worth fighting for, risking everything for. And the trouble is, if you dont risk everything, you risk even more.AnonymousAs I gaze upon your beauty, I think to myself, never have I seen an angel fly so low...Elizabeth Barrett BrowningI love you not only for what you are but for what I am when I am with you.Shirley BasseyId like to run a wayFrom you,But if you didnt comeAnd find me... I would die.Ibn AbbadMy night has become a sunny dawn because of you.HobbesI think we dream so we dont have to be apart so long. If were in each others dreams, we can be together all the time.AnonymousOnly a person who has not felt true love can move on in life saying There are lots of other fish in the sea.Dick SutphenLove me without fearTrust me without questioningNeed me without demandingWant me without restrictionsAccept me without changeDesire me without inhibitionsFor a love so free...Will never fly away.Steve WinwoodThink about it, there must be higher loveDown in the heart or hidden in the stars aboveWithout it, life is a wasted timeLook inside your heart, Ill look inside mine.Antoine de Saint-ExuperyAnd now here is my secret, a very simple secret; it is only with the heart that one can see rightly, what is essential is invisible to the eye.Henry David ThoreauI love you not as something private and personal, which is my own, but as something universal and worthy of love which I have found. AnonymousJust because somebody doesnt love you the way you want them to, doesnt mean they dont love you with all they have.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Essay Example The second solution was increased federalization which translates to increase funding from government institutions. The third solution is an increased cultivation of general public support where a medicine program could gain support through area health care providers. The fourth solution was increased pluralistic leadership which would be increasing the remittances from alumni, which also means taking a proactive approach from the perspective of the university through alumni outreach programs etc. There is the additional option of â€Å"Paying closer attention to long-term directions of movement.† This means taking an anticipatory approach to understanding what the market conditions will be in the long term future. The great uncertainty from this function is the question of what would happen to productivity if a nation were to not take full advantage of its educational assets. What this means is that ensuring that a strong educational research policy is pivotal to ensuring the long term economic and political success of a nation operating in a global environment. The second article to be examined for this paper is titled Magnet Schools and the Pursuit of Racial Balance by Goldring and Smrekar of Vanderbilt University.

Quit Smoking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quit Smoking - Research Paper Example Experimentation with smoking, which can be unpleasant at first for some, is followed by adaptation to the taste and to the pleasurable and rewarding sensations, as well as by behavioral associations experienced by the novice beginner in nicotine dependence, in the later age. Smoking experimentation is often associated with the search for one’s personality and place in the adult world, which occurs just before puberty hits in (NIDA, pp 27-28). Smoking gradually becomes habit and the habit becomes addiction. It also starts as a peer pressure, or having friends who smoke or just liking the second hand smoke. â€Å"In a sense, then, parts of our brains are working against us when we try to overcome bad habits. These routines can become hardwired in our brains,† says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of NIH’s National Institute on Drug Abuse. â€Å"And the brain’s reward centers keep us craving the things we’re trying so hard to resist†, adds Dr Volkov (NIH). Smoking tobacco is both a psychological habit and a physical addiction. The psychological factors associated with smoking are that cigarettes relieve a smoker from stress, depression, loneliness, or anxiety. It becomes physically addicted to the smoker because you need it after every meal or coffee, at party, along with alcohol or gambling or just because your friends are smoking at an outing. Hence, physical habit and psychological addiction, a deadly combination stops you from quitting. Several diseases have been liked to smoking; coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease are just to name a few. Needless to say, they all bring you closer to death. So the next best thing is to quit, and quit for good. Whether you are a teen smoker or a lifetime pack-a-day smoker, quitting can be tough. There are many things that can assist you in quitting which money can buy, but there is one thing Master Card ® cannot buy: it’s your will

What is a Training Contract?

What is a Training Contract? To be a successful solicitor, you will need more than legal knowledge to ace your exams and plunge to the challenging world of law. You will also need to have a substantial training period. As aspiring solicitors, you need to start preparing to apply to training contracts. Currently, it is normal for students to start applying for training contracts in the second year of their LLB (their Law Degree program) or the final year of their non-law degree. However, the recent change to the Graduate Recruitment Code means law students may soon start applying in their first year of the university. The training contract, or period of recognised training, is the final stage on the path to qualifying as a solicitor. This period enables you to understand the practical implications of the law as well as developing your skills required in law practice. It is the stage where you put into practice what you learnt so far, and develop these still further within a working environment. You will have an opportunity to harness your commercial and financial awareness, negotiation skills, drafting, advocacy and client care skills. The training contract is usually a two-year period spent working at a law firm. Trainees in larger firms spend for blocks of six months each in different departments (they are usually called as seats). While in smaller firms, the training will not be so structured although the trainees will need to cover at least three areas of work. Your contract of employment Your relationship to your employer is that of apprenticeship, regulated by the SRA, to make you apply the skills you learn at the earlier stages into practice is a real, supervised environment. Hence your contract cannot be easily terminated by your employer unless there is a serious misconduct, you are so incapacitated that allow you not to be trained properly by the firm, or the business has been changed or closed. Training contracts often have a cancellation clause (like the inability to complete GDL or LPC). However, cases wherein trainees being fired by their employers are quite rare. Trainees must complete the Professional Skill Course, which the firm has to pay the course fees. The PSC will enable them to be fully qualified solicitors. This course is split into three modules: advocacy and communication skills, client care and professional standards, and financial and business skills. Aspiring solicitors must also be aware that SRA is considering a single central exam the Solicitors Qualifying Examination to be taken at the end of the training contract. What you need to learn During the training period, the SRA requires your firm to provide practical experience in at least three areas of English and Welsh law and practice. This apprenticeship provides the trainee solicitors avenues to develop and apply practical skills, which they will need as qualified solicitors. The trainees should develop the skills through the mixture of the following activities: Completing work and tasks by themselves; Assisting others; Observing experienced practitioners. Advocacy and oral presentation On completing the training period, trainee solicitors should be competent to exercise the rights of audience available to solicitors in admission. The trainees must be able to fully grasp the skills required to prepare, conduct, and present a case. Case and transaction management The trainee solicitors must acquire the skills in managing and running a case or transaction. To develop these skills, trainees should work on large cases or transactions as members of a team, or they should be given smaller transactions that they run by themselves. Client care and practice support To be able to deal with the strenuous demand of solicitors life, trainees should develop skills necessary to manage time, resources, and effort. They need to develop good working habits. Communication skills Through the apprenticeship, trainee solicitors should understand the importance of refined communication skills so that they can present oral and written presentation in a way that achieves its purpose. Dispute resolution Trainees should gain a full understanding of the skills and practice necessary in resolving disputes, including settling, mediation, and adjudication. in a fair, cost-effective, and timely manner that meets the clients needs. Trainees can develop these skills by attending tribunal hearings or alternative dispute resolution, meetings, and assisting with the preparation of cases. Drafting The trainees should develop the skills that enable them to produce clear, concise, and precise documents that achieve their purpose. Interviewing and advising This training experience will also help the trainee solicitors understand the importance of identifying their clients goal along with taking accurate instructions. They should experience observing and conducting interviews with clients, experts, witnesses, and others. Legal research Trainees should learn to find solutions by investigating the factual and legal issues, analysing problems, and communicating the results of their research. Negotiation By being given a chance a to observe negotiations conducted by experienced practitioners and/or conducting negotiations under close supervision, trainees will be able to understand the processes involved in contentious and non-contentious negotiations. They will also value the importance to the client or reach an agreement or solve the dispute. Other than the above-given skills needed, it is also important to note that the apprenticeship program can help develop the trainees character, which will make them suitable to practice law. Successful completion of training contracts does not necessarily guarantee a job offer, although the majority of the trainee solicitors work in the firms where they conduct their period of recognised training. Payment to Trainees All trainee solicitors receive a salary, but this varies depending on the firm and location. From August 2014, SRA announced that companies are required to pay the trainees the national minimum wage; however, may trainee solicitors receive more than the national minimum wage. Law firms particularly the larger ones offer to cover the cost of the LPC and/or GDL tuition fees, with some even providing support for living costs. In conclusion, the apprenticeship must be seen as a period to learn about several areas of practice and at the same time to find your spot in this competitive profession. Industrialization as an Engine of Economic Growth: India Industrialization as an Engine of Economic Growth: India A Case Study of India Introduction The process of Industrialization is considered at the core of economic growth in any economy and it is critical for development and progress. Since the Industrial Revolution, secondary sector development is regarded important for mass production, provision of employment opportunities, gaining advantage of technological advancements. The development of industrial sector has had spillover effects and brought about innovative solutions for other sectors as well such as agriculture, infrastructural development, trade and even the service sector. Thus, industrialization is considered as the ultimate engine of economic growth in an economy. This essay aims to provide insight into why Industrialization is critical for economic growth and how it results in creating development prospects in an economy. The essay will begin with exploring literature that highlights that Industrialization improves the GDP growth rate in an economy and absorbs labor surpluses created by other sectors of the econ omy. Literature also shed light on the popular Lewis Model. The essay then follows by presenting the case of India and how Industrialization has led to economic growth in India. The essay however pays little focus on the role of primary and tertiary sectors in the growth of economy. Industrialization as an Engine of Economic Growth: Literature Review Industrialization and its significance have been discussed by various scholars since the Industrial Revolution. While the debate has been taken to various fields of study, it is frequently mentioned in Economics to discuss the structural changes and the resultant economic effects it has caused. A large pool of literature has consensus over the stance that Industrialization is critical for development. Various scholars tend to prove their stance with the help of empirical analysis carried out in both developed and developing country. The core model supporting this stance was introduced by Arthur Lewis in 1950s in which explains why economies should shift from agricultural base to an industrial base. Lewis presented his theory of Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor and claimed that as the agricultural sector of the economy experiences labor surplus and low productivity, an economy should shift these surpluses to the industrial sector (Ranis, 2004). The growing manufacturing se ctor of the economy will tend to offer higher wages to the unemployed to provide them with an incentive to shift towards the manufacturing sector as well as to compensate them for the expenditures of moving to urban areas. Thus, the resultant increase in productivity and capital accumulation will lead to growth of industrial sector and this will generate sufficient employment opportunities to absorb unemployment in other sectors of the economy (Guru, 2016). Lewiss model however, assumes that all the wages provided are used up and all the profit earned is reinvested. Thus, this would lead to expansion of the industrial sector. Conclusively, saving and investments as a ratio of national income in an economy will tend to rise, leading to growth and development in an economy (Guru, 2016). Lewis aims to directly address the issue of development through proposing the expansion of industrial sector. However, the theory is subject to various loopholes. Lewiss model is criticized for ignoring the surplus absorption capacity of the agriculture sector. Guru (2016) argues that developing nations like China and Bangladesh have an increasing population rate so the shift of labour from agriculture to manufacturing or smaller fraction of total population being employed in agriculture is difficult in labour surplus economies. Hence, development of agrarian sector through capital accumulation, reforms and technological advancement will generate opportunities within the sector to absorb any surpluses (Guru, 2016). Criticism however, still fails to undermine the contribution of the Lewis Model in Development Economics. Industrialization still tends to be the key towards development in various economies of the world. Supporting the Lewis Model, various scholars tend to highlight the role of industrial development in the economic growth of a country. Syrquin Chenery (1989) attribute increasing growth rates to the manufacturing sector development in a particular economy. They argue that an increase in industrial output (resulting from greater demand) will lead to GDP growth as well as improved labor productivity (Syrquin Chenery, 1989). A wide range of scholars also tend to acknowlege technological advancement and its role in evident structral changes. It is argued that less profitbale and productive sectors are replaced with more efficient ones in the contemporary era. In order to ehance aggregate productivity, technological change is considered to be the core of economic growth. Thus, scholars like Kaldor (1970) and Cornwall (1977), refering back to Industrial Revolution where technology revived the manufacturing sector, argue that improvements and growth in the manufacturing sector are the cor e drivers of economic growth. Technological advancement did not only improve the manufacturing sector, but also led to productivity improvements in various other sectors of the economy. For e.g. manufacturing of tractors brings imrpovement in the agricultural sector. Thus, technological advancement has been directly linked with industrial development and economic growth. Advocates of the aforementioned argument also tend to support their stance by examining the impact of industrialization on poverty and income inequality through empirical analysis. Bourguignon Morrison (1998), identified removal of trade protection in manufacturing sector as the reason for reduction in the income of the richest 20 percent and increse in the income of poorest 60 percent, in 35 developing countries of the world. Likewise, Dollar Kraay (2004) found a strong correlation between variations in trade volumes and, growth and inequality. This can be explained such that as the manufacturing sector imrpoves it production volumes, it earns more which can be reinvested. Reinvestment leads to better incomes and employment opportunities for the poor bridging the inequality and making poor better off. Opposing school of thought however have been trying to reinstate the importance of agricultural sector in the economies. An empirical study by Awokuse (2009) suggests that agriculture is a driver of economic growth such that agricultural produce leads to trade openess which has positive impact on GDP per capital. Thus, Awokuse (2009) argues that resource allocation and infrasturcture development should be carried out targeting agricultural improvements in an economy. Similarly, opposing school also favour the development of tertiary sector in order to undermine the importance of secondary sector in the economy. Park Noland (2013) argue that service sector can serve as the new engine of economic growth in an economy specifically in asian economies, as an analysis of 12 asian economies already indicated that service sector has contributed to the growth of the economies in the past (Park Noland, 2013). However, Szirmai Verspagen (2010) rule out their findings and claim that manufacturing sector is still important than any other sector in a country in the contemporary era. His empirical findings were inline with the engine of growth hypothesis and illustrate that manufacturing sector has the biggest share in the economic growth of a country and this impact is more prominent in poorer economies. Conclusively, majority of the scholarly pool of knowledeg supports the fact that countries shall inustrialise in order to develop. Industrialisation and Development in India South-Asian countries have been traditionally known to be export oriented particulrary in manufacturing products. Most of the Asian economies have been known for shifting from agrarian base to industrial base in order to develop. This has been inevitably true in the case of China, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan etc. India however, has been known for its strong industrial base and its Industrialisation led strategy of development and economic growth. Since Indias adoption of liberalisation policy in 1991, multiple opportunities for investment have attracted various foreign investors. The government ensured that projects were approved quickly and moreover 34 industrial sectors were allowed automatic approval of projects. The investment was focused on the industrial sector and thus, has majorly contributed towards manufacturing sector growth. There was also relaxation in the percentage of ownership to be held by foreign actors. This led to various industrial project initiation in the sectors like automobiles, infrastructure, computer softwares etc. Indias liberalization policy had been so successful that its Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) climbed up from being $170 million during 1991-1992 to $1.3 billion in 1994-1995. Since the last century India has been attracting $10 billion of FDI annually, most of which are for industrial projects. Hence, India;s FDI is approximately 25 times more than what it was before adoption of liberati on policy (Hambrock Hauptmann, 1999). Undoubtedly, Indias liberalization policy led to a major structural shift in the economy. The role of Industrial sector in the economy was enhanced and it ultimately led to development and economic growth. Kniivila (2007) reports that India has undertaken huge structural change since the last 40 years where the contribution of agriculture value added to GDP has gone down from being 45% in 1965 to 19% in 2005. Despite of this, the overall growth rates in the economy have risen mainly attributing to the growth in manufacturing sector. The growth rate of manufaturing industry value added averaged at 6.6% between 1980 and 2002 while the growth in agriculture was just 2.8% (Kniivila, 2007). Thus, this growth has brought various benefits to the country. The most evident trend in India has been the increase in trade flows. During the period 1991-2002, Indias gross trade flows trippled with trade-GDP ration rising from 21.3% to 33.1%. A major contributor to this was merchandise exports that grew by 145% (Kelkar, 2004). Manufacturing sector has a major proportion in the merchandise exports of the country. While it accounted for 43% of merchandise export in 1962, it trippled by 2003 (Figure 1). 11% of the total merchandise exports consisted of food exports in 2003. Other important manufacturings included textiles, clothing, gems, chemicals, drugs and dyes and automobile components (Kelkar, 2004). Thus, since the liberalization policy, he industrial portfolio of India has not only widened but has also brought about spill over benefit for the economy by improving the wages of basic level employees and increasign the national income through volumnous trading. While the industrialization process has improved economic growth in India, it simultaneously reduced the risk of growth volatility such that since 1980s the standard deviation of GDP growth has fallen down to 1.9% (Kelkar, 2004). An important reason for this is the rise of industries and decrease in the contribution of agriculture sector in national income. While Industrialisation has developed the national economy of India, it has also served to improve the living standards of the population addressing the issues faced by the poor population. Since the structural shift towards Industrialisation, the Indian government reports that the employmnet rates have gone up and the percentage of poor in the total population of the country as falledn from 45.7% in 1983 to 27.1% in 2000 in rural areas whereas it has fallen from 40.8% to 23.6% in urban areas. Overall, the poverty line of the country declined from 44.5% to 26.1%, which can mainly be attributed to the better earnings and living sta ndards of the poor resulting in better welfare for them. According to Mishra Kumar (2005), trade liberalization resulting in enhacement of industrial sector has decreased wage inequality in manufacturing. Sectors marked by tarriff reductions experienced wage increments. Because mostly the tarrif reductions were imposed in sectors with great number of unskilled labor, these sectors were marked by increasing wages an thus, it led to increase in inome levels of poor unskilled labour (Mishra Kumar, 2005). However, a significant loophole of liberalisation policy in India has been its biasness in implementation. It is to be noted that reforms for the manufacturing sector depended upon their location and level of technological advancement. While liberalization attempted to inroduce innovation and growth in industries, it mainly trageted industries with scope in technological advancement. Moreover, some industries that were labour intensive were prevented from introduction of innovation so that it does not lead to unemployment. This, restricted te spill over effects of industrialization in some areas and hence led to inequality. However, at large industrialization prominently improves the economic conditions of India. In support of theory, it has also been empirically tested that Industrialisation has served as an important engine of growth in India. Chakarvarty Mitra (2009) carried out empirical analysis and concluded on the basis of VAR analysis that manufacturing sector is one of th emain stimulator o growth in India and many economic activities in India are becomign dependent upon industries. Similarly, Kathuria, et al., (2013) examined the growth in manufacturing sector and output in Indian states and concluded that manufacturing is still an important for growth in India. Hence, the case of India clearly depicts that boost in the industrial sector has been the major driver of economic growth in India since 1991. Technological advancements have been balanced out with Industrial growth to imrpove the economic state of the country. Thus, Industrialisation is the engine of economic growth in India. Conclusion Conclusively, we have established that Industrialization and Manufacturing sector growth is the ultimate engine of economic growth. It helps in curbing inequalities by improving the wages of the poor unskilled labor force and also tends to improve the trade volume of the economy. This has been inevitable in the case of India. Post-Liberalization manufacturing sector development has brought about major benefits for India. Industrialization has resulted in consistent growth, increase in productivity and exports, and reduced level of poverty. This has certainly led to development at a phenomenal rate in India. Hence, Industrialization has served as the driver of economic growth in India, being in line with the Lewis Model. This has not only been proved theoretically but also empirically by Chakarvarty Mitra (2009) and Kathuria, et al., (2013). A few development challenges still faced by India attribute to the loopholes in the legal and justice system, and massive regulations in the lab or market. However, Industrialization has seemingly solved most of the development challenges in India. Figure 1. Export of Commodities in India 1988-2003 Source: Kniivila (2007) Awokuse, T. O., 2009. Does Agriculture Really Matter for Economic Growth in Developing Countries? , s.l.: University of Delaware: Department of Food Resource Economics. Bourguignon, F. Morrison, C., 1998. Inequality and Development: Role of Dualism. Journal of Development Economics, Volume 57, pp. 233-257. Chakarvarty, S. Mitra, A., 2009. Is industry still the engine of growth? An econometric study of the organized sector employment in India. Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(1), pp. 22-35. Cornwall, J., 1977. Modern Capitalism: Its Growth and Transformation. s.l.:Martin Robertson. Dollar, D. Kraay, A., 2004. Trade, Growth and Poverty. The Economic Journal, February, 114(493), pp. F22-F49. Guru, S., 2016. The Lewis Model of Development with Unlimited Labour Supply. [Online] Available at: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/the-lewis-model-of-development-with-unlimited-labour-supply-2/38290/ Hambrock, J. Hauptmann, S., 1999. Industrialiation in India. [Online] Available at: https://www.tcd.ie/Economics/assets/pdf/SER/1999/Hambrock_Hauptman.pdf Kaldor, N., 1970. The Case of Regional Policies. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, November, 17(3), pp. 337-348. Kathuria, V., Raj, S. R. Sen, K., 2013. The effects of economic reforms on manufacturing dualism: Evidence from India. Journal of Comparitive Economics, Volume 41, pp. 1240-1262. Kelkar, V. L., 2004. India: On the Growth Turnpike, Canberra: Narayan Oration, ANU. Kniivila, M., 2007. Industrial Developemnt and Economic Growth: Implications for Poverty Reduction and Income Inequality. In: Industrial Development for 21st Century: Sustainable Development. New York: UN, pp. 295-332. Mishra, P. Kumar, U., 2005. Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality: Evidence from India, s.l.: IMF. Park, D. Noland, M., 2013. Developing the Service Sector as the Engine of Economic Growth, Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank. Ranis, G., 2004. econ.yale.edu. [Online] Available at: http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp891.pdf Syrquin, M. Chenery, H., 1989. Three Decades of Industrialization. The World bank Economic Review, May, 3(2), pp. 145-181. Szirmai, A. Verspagen, B., 2010. Is Manufacturing Still an Engine of Growth in Developing Countries?, s.l.: The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.

The Namesake Clash of Culture

The thing about The Namesake is not that it is a great movie (although most avid movie-goers will be satisfied), but that it treats universal themes with such clarity that anyone who has been through the experience of leaving one’s land should be able to relate, even if not from India. Directed by Mira Nair and with Kal Penn leading a great cast, the movie follows the lives of an Indian couple coming to New York in the 70s and raising children in this context.I have a number of friends that are second generation to Indian immigrants for which reason I believe my understanding of their culture is above average, but even if that was not the case I’m sure these themes would not be lost on me: Abandoning the comfort of family life in the quest for better opportunities Struggling to make a living without help, in a culture where all values are different All the sacrifices that parents make for the sake of their children.I’ve always said that migration is cruel to our ancestors but selfless to our children. The agony of loosing loved ones being far away and the constant fight with the irrational thought that it could be avoided. The temptation of multiracial relationships The intimacy of the father/son dialog when the entire future of their lineage depends on them The cultural pride that one feels even after leaving the country behind, assuming all great achievements from our people as our own.In many ocassions this only happens once we leave our countries. The quiet professional triumph that occurs almost in the background to all the other events in our lives. The crude attempt to follow tradition even if this means to butcher them once in a while The cultural mix that is driven by well adapted â€Å"second generation† kids and their loose interpretation of their heritage in the context of their daily lives. Go see it or continue reading the chatter at one of the Indian blogs I follow.

Thank You, Esther Forbes Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿List of Names Louse Forbes was an American novelist, children's writer, and a historian. She is well known for works such a Mirror of Witches, Paul Revere and the World He Lived in and the novel Johnny Tremain. Esther received the Newberry medal and the Pulitzer Prize during her time. Notably, she loved writing and that is why she is quoted in Paul Revere and the World He lived saying, note 54, "Most American Heroes of the Revolutionary are by now two men, the actual man, and the romantic image. Some are even three men-the actual man, the image, and the de-bunked remains’ Audrey Kathleen Hepburn was a British actress and later a humanitarian. She was acting during the Golden age of Hollywood and she was recognized highly as a fashion and film icon. To this date, Audrey is regarded as one of the best naturally beautiful women of all time. Further, the American Film Institute ranked her third in the greatest female screen legends list in American Cinema’s list and also is placed the Hall of Fame’s International Best Dressed List. Ernest Miller Hemmingway was an American journalist and an established author. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You, Esther Forbes or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He won a Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. He had written seven novels, six short story collections and two non-fiction books all of which he had published and are considered as American classics. Some of his popular works include The Sun Also Rises, For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old man and the Sea. Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel was a Russian literary translator, a playwright, a journalist and a short story writer. Babel produced several masterpieces of Russian Literature those include the Red Cavalry, Tales of Odessa, and Story of My Dovecote which are very popular. Notably, he was not uncritical of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union but he was later arrested and shot dead in 1940 after confessing that he had been a foreign spy and a Trotskyist terrorist. Gertrude Stein was a pioneer and member of the Modernist Literature movement and she is well known as an American plays, poetry and novels writer. In specific, she wrote the Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas which was a literally best seller and that made her get attention as a mainstream literally figure. She was also regarded as a modernist art collector. Henry Green is best remembered as an English author who wrote the popular novels Loving and Party Going. Between 1905 and the year 1973, he was Henry Vincent Yorke's ‘nom de plume'. Greens novel’s, especially Living, Loving and Party going are considered basic works in the works of English in the Modernist Literature. The Flying Nun was an American sitcom produced for the book The Fifteenth Pelican in 1965. This series was showing on ABC from 1967 to 1970 and had 82 episodes. Johnny Tremain was an historical novel for the children written by Esther Forbes in 1943. It was set in Boston before and during the American Revolution outbreak. It had attention because of its themes of courtship, apprenticeship, human rights and sacrifice. The America Revolution is also known as the American War of Independence occurred in America between 1775 and 1783. It was a rebellion in which the North American colonies fought against the Great Britain, their Colonizers, and ended with the declaration of independent United States of America in 1776. The Newbery Medal popularly known as John Newbery Medal is a literally award that is given to the writer who uniquely contributes to the American literature for children. It is given by the American Library Association and is named after John Newbery. John Newbery was an English publisher who is also known by nickname as The Father of Children’s Literature. Notably, he was the one who established the children’s literature in the literary market. Chicago Cold-the writer refers to the extremely low temperatures that accompany the winter in Chicago. Actually, Chicago set record low temperatures of minus 9 degrees in 1896 . Thank You, Esther Forbes Summary Saunders, the writer of the article, Thank You, Esther Forbes assumes the position of grade three pupils at St. Damian School. This article is found in a collection The Bain Dead Megaphone by Saunders (57-64). In the story, as he likes one of the nuns who he describes as adorable and as having an Audrey Hepburn smile. The nun too liked the writer and one she gives him a book by Esther Forbes titled Johnny Tremain. the book interests the writer for two reasons, one, it talks about war and the writer talks about dreaming of leaving school to draft antiwar speeches, and secondly, it is the from the way the book is written, the sentences and its prose that are the subject of this article. In this article, the writer discusses effective sentence structures and prose that make creative writing attractive. It is from effective sentence structure that a story flows interestingly and makes reading attractive. Moreover, the writer compares Esther Forbes with other books he had read before th ose were uninteresting. The writer says that what distinguishes Esther Forbes book from other books was the language that was dense and efficient. According to Forbes, a sentence was supposed to be unique and not just a fact conveyer. Such well-structured sentences following each other enable the reader to put themselves in the imagined situation in the story and can actually feel it like it was real. This ability of sentences to make imagined situations feel like they exist is what makes Forbes book interesting. Notes

Profile of Harvey M. Robinson

The east side of Allentown, Pennsylvania had the reputation of being a nice, safe area for families to raise children. The residents in the area felt secure to walk their dogs, jog, and let their kids play out in the yards. All of that changed in the summer of 1992. The residents and police force of Allentown had a problem. For the first time, its east side residents were being stalked by a serial killer. A Killer Is Born Harvey M. Robinson was born on December 6, 1974. He grew up in a troubled family. His father, Harvey Rodriguez Robinson, was an alcoholic and physically and emotionally abusive towards his mother. By the time he was three, his parents were divorced. Harvey Rodriguez Robinson ended up going to prison for manslaughter after beating his mistress to death. The younger Harvey idolized his father, regardless of his abusive and criminal behavior. School Years At a very early age, young Harvey Robinson showed great athletic and academic potential. He won awards for his essays and was a fierce competitor in wrestling, soccer, football and various cross-country sports. However, as early as nine years old he demonstrated a dark side that diminished all of his positive accomplishments. School counselors determined that Robinson suffered from severe conduct disorder. As a child, he was known to throw tantrums. As he got older, he developed a quick temper and was unable to define between right and wrong. From the age of nine to 17, he filled up a rap sheet with numerous arrests including burglary and resisting arrest. He was also a known substance abuser, which added to his propensity towards impulsive aggressive behavior. He detested authority and lashed out at those who tried to control him including the police and his teachers. As he grew older, his threats intensified. Teachers and students were afraid of Robinson, and he liked it. Why Robinson began raping and murdering children and women is unknown, but as far as what is known for sure, it all started on August 9, 1992, when he was 17-years-old. First Victim At about 12:35 a.m. on August 5, 1992, Robinson burglarized the home of Joan Burghardt, 29, who lived alone in a one-bedroom apartment on the first floor of a residential apartment complex on the east side of Allentown. He broke through the screen on the patio door, which was locked, and ripped just enough to slip his hand through the doorknob and open it. Burghardt reported the burglary and the missing $50 from a drawer in her bedroom dresser. Everything else seemed undisturbed. Four days later at around 11:30 a.m. on August 9, 1992, Burghardts neighbor telephoned the police to complain that Burghardts stereo had been on for three days and nights and that no one answered the doorbell. She also reported that the screen had been out of the window for three nights and during one of those nights she heard Burghardt screaming and banging the wall and sounds as if she was being beaten up. When the police arrived, they found Burghardt dead, lying on the living room floor. She had been severely beaten about the head. The autopsy revealed that Burghardt had been sexually assaulted and hit over the head at least 37 times, fracturing her skull and damaging her brain. She also had defensive injuries on both hands, indicating that she was alive during at least some of the attack. Seminal stains were found on a pair of shorts found at the scene, suggesting that a male had masturbated on them. Second Victim Charlotte Schmoyer, 15, was always diligent about delivering the Morning Call newspaper on her assigned route on the east side of Allentown. When she failed to deliver the paper on the morning of June 9, 1983, one of her customers scanned the street for the young carrier. She did not spot Schmoyer, but what she did see alarmed her enough to phone the police. Schmoyers newspaper cart was left unattended, for more than 30 minutes, in front of a neighbors house. When the police arrived, they found that the newspaper cart was half-filled with newspapers, and Schmoyers radio and the headset had been strewn on the ground between two houses. There were also finger streaks on the windowpane of the door to the nearby garage of one of the houses. Based on the scene the police concluded that Schmoyer had likely been abducted. The police began their search and found her bicycle abandoned along with some of her personal property. Within hours a tip came in, and investigators began searching a wooded area where they found blood, a shoe, and the body of Charlotte Schmoyer buried under a stack of logs. According to the autopsy report, Schmoyer was stabbed 22 times, and her throat was slashed. Also, there were cutting and scraping wounds in her neck area, indicating they were inflicted while the Schmoyer was conscious and her neck bent down. She had also been raped. Investigators were able to collect blood samples, a pubic hair and a head hair on Schmoyer that did not match her blood and hair. The evidence was later matched to Robinson through DNA. Burglary John and Denise Sam-Cali lived on the east side of Allentown, not far from where Schmoyer had been abducted. On June 17, 1993, Robinson burglarized their home while the couple was away for a few days. He had taken Johns gun collection, which was kept in a bag in the closet. Within days John bought three new guns, one of which he purchased for Denise for protection. The couple grew even more concerned about their safety after learning that someone had broken into their neighbors home and attacked their child. Third Victim On June 20, 1993, Robinson entered a womans home and choked and raped her five-year-old daughter. The child managed to live but based on her injuries it appeared that he had intended for her to die. Some theorized that he was actually after the childs mother, but when he found her sleeping with her partner, he attacked the child instead. Fourth Victim On June 28, 1993, John Sam-Cali was out of town, and Denise was alone. She awoke to the sounds Robinson was making from inside the walk-in closet near her bedroom. Frightened, she decided to try to run out of the house, but he grabbed her, and they struggled. She managed to get out of the house, but Robinson grabbed at her again and pinned her down onto the ground in the front yard. As the two fought, she was able to bite him on the inside of his arm. He repeatedly punched her, sliced her lip open and then raped her, however, her screams alerted a neighbor who turned on her porch light, and Robinson ran away. When the police arrived, they found Denise alive, but severely beaten, with strangulation marks around her neck, and her lip deeply slashed. They also found a butcher knife wrapped in a napkin lying outside the bathroom door. After recovering in the hospital, the Sam-Calis went out of town for a few days. Fifth Victim On July 14, 1993, Robinson raped and murdered Jessica Jean Fortney, 47, in the living room of her daughter and son-in-laws home. She was found dead, half-naked and her face was swollen and black. There was blood spatter on the wall indicating she had died a violent death. The autopsy revealed that Fortney died in the early morning hours after being strangled and severely beaten. It was also determined that she had been raped. What Robinson did not know was that Fortneys granddaughter had witnessed the killing and was able to give the police his description. Back to Finish the Job On July 18, 1993, the Sam-Calis returned home. Before going out of town, they had the house equipped with a burglar alarm. At about 4:00 a.m. Denise heard a noise in the house and then the back door opened, setting off the alarm and the intruder, Robinson, took off. After that, the Allentown police set up a sting operation and arranged for a police officer to stay in the Sam-Cali home every night. They thought the man who attacked her was coming back to kill her because she could identify him. Their hunch was right. Officer Brian Lewis was staked out inside the Sam-Cali home when at around 1:25 a.m. on July 31, 1993, Robinson returned to the house and tried to open doors. Lewis heard the noises, then watched as Robinson broke into the house through a window. Once he was entirely inside, Lewis identified himself as a police officer and told Robinson to halt. Robinson began shooting at Lewis and gunfire was exchanged. Lewis went to the Sam-Calis bedroom to warn the couple to stay inside the room. He then called for backup. In the meantime, Robinson escaped by breaking through several glass panels on a wooden door in the kitchen. The police found a blood trail in the kitchen and out the door. It looked like the intruder had been shot, or severely cut during his escape. The local hospitals were alerted. Caught A few hours later the police were called to the local hospital after Robinson showed up there to be treated for a gunshot wound. A physical exam of Robinson found that he had fresh wounds to his arms and legs indicative of being cut with glass as well as a bite mark on the inner part of his arm. Officer Lewis also identified Robinson as the man he encountered inside the Sam-Calis home. He was arrested on various charges including kidnapping, burglary, rape, attempted murder, and murder. Investigators built a large case against Robinson with DNA evidence, eyewitness accounts and physical evidence found at his home and the victims homes. It was a solid case. The jury found him guilty for raping and murdering Charlotte Schmoyer, Joan Burghardt, and Jessica Jean Fortney. He was sentenced to a combined 97 years in prison and three death sentences. Resentenced Robinson and his lawyers were able to get two of the three death sentences resentenced to life in prison. One death sentence remains.